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Theory review

Written answers marked against the rubric, the way an examiner reads them.

Biology · Transport in mammals · 6 marks

State three structural adaptations of the red blood cell and explain how each helps it transport oxygen.

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  • Biconcave shape — larger surface area to volume ratio for gas exchange
  • No nucleus — more room for haemoglobin
  • Flexible membrane — squeezes through narrow capillaries
  • Haemoglobin present — binds oxygen reversibly